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Introduction Modern companion animal care increasingly focuses on wellness beyond traditional health concerns. Anxiety, digestive health, and immunity are central to pet wellbeing and require integrated management strategies. Anxiety and Stress in Pets – Common in indoor pets due to separation, noise, and urban environments.– Symptoms: excessive vocalization, pacing, destructive behavior.– Links between gut microbiome and behavioral health (gut-brain axis). Gut Health and Immunity – Microbiome plays a critical role in immune regulation and disease prevention.– Dysbiosis can lead to GI disorders, inflammation, and susceptibility to infections.– Probiotics, prebiotics, and functional diets can support gut and immune health. Practical Strategies for Veterinarians – Diet optimization with digestible proteins and fiber.– Supplementation with probiotics under veterinary guidance.– Behavioral enrichment and environmental modifications.– Regular monitoring to detect early signs of stress or GI issues. Conclusion Integrating mental health, gut wellness, and immune support is essential for modern veterinary practice and companion animal care.

Introduction Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in veterinary medicine, affecting livestock, companion animals, and human health. Overuse and misuse of antibiotics in animals can lead to resistant infections, posing challenges for veterinarians and public health authorities. Causes of Antibiotic Resistance in Animals – Prophylactic and growth-promotion use: Frequent in livestock, often without illness.– Overprescription in pets: Antibiotics prescribed without diagnostics or proper follow-up.– Incomplete courses and subtherapeutic dosing: Increases bacterial survival and resistance development. Consequences for Veterinary Practice – Increased treatment failures and longer recovery times.– Higher costs due to second-line antibiotics.– Spillover of resistant bacteria to humans and the environment. Mitigation Strategies – Implement diagnostic testing before prescribing.– Adhere to full treatment courses.– Emphasize preventive care: vaccines, hygiene, and biosecurity.– Participate in antimicrobial stewardship programs. Conclusion Responsible antibiotic use is critical to protecting animal health, maintaining veterinary efficacy, and safeguarding public health.

Introduction Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and other viral infections are increasingly affecting livestock across India, impacting productivity and animal welfare. Veterinarians play a key role in early detection, vaccination, and management. Understanding Lumpy Skin Disease – Caused by a capripoxvirus, primarily affecting cattle and buffaloes.– Transmitted via insects, direct contact, and contaminated materials.– Symptoms include skin nodules, fever, swelling, and reduced milk yield. Recent Trends in Outbreaks – LSD cases have risen in multiple Indian states, with early detection through milk testing proving effective.– Other viral threats include bluetongue in ruminants and potential avian influenza spillovers. Prevention and Management – Vaccination programs and timely administration.– Vector control and biosecurity measures.– Farmer education and awareness campaigns.– Quarantine and controlled animal movement during outbreaks. Conclusion Proactive monitoring, preventive strategies, and timely veterinary intervention are essential to minimize the impact of viral diseases in livestock.